Sanskrit Made Simple

नदीसूक्तम्।  (On the stage- Keertankar presents the keertan, the audience is engrossed in listening to it.) Keertankar : O Ganga, Yamuna, Godavari, Saraswati, Narmada, Sindhu and Kaveri, create a treasure (come together) on the Earth. The Ganga Dashahara Festival commences on the tenth day in the waxing (bright) phase of the moon in the month of Jyeshtha. The rivers should be worshipped during this festival. Audience : Worship of rivers? Why should we worship the rivers? Keertankar : Indeed, the river gives us life. Hence, on this occasion people offer lamps in the water to express their gratitude towards rivers. Having lit lamps in leaf bowls, they place (offer) them in the river water. Water is for consumption, for farming (agriculture), for generating electricity, water is for sustaining life. For living beings, the river is like a Goddess. The river is like a mother. Hence, today it is really worth listening and remembering the Nadisukta. Audience : O gr

Translation of all verses of the poetry lesson  चित्रकाव्यम् in English  1) Whom did Lord Krishna kill? (Kansa)  Which part of Ganga flows coolly? (Ganga that flows at the base of Kashi)  Who are engrossed in nurturing the wife(family)? (Those who are engrossed in taking care of their fields and farms i.e. the farmers) Who are not affected by the cold?(Those who have a blanket) 2) O friend Chatak! Listen for a moment with an attentive mind. There are many clouds in the sky, but all are not similar (rain giving). Some moisten the Earth with rain, while some thunder in vain. Do not speak pitiful/ pitiable words in front of every cloud you see. 3) O great doctor! The real brother of Lord of death (Yama), salutations to you! Yama only takes life away, while you take away both, life as well as money. 4) Taking (abducting) the daughter of Janak from the demons, he went to the city or taking the daughter from the demons, he went to Janak’s city. Here the subject is hidden and the one

Drawn by Siddhi Pophale 

Drawn by Siddhi Pophale 

उपपद विभक्तिः। Note- Always underline the धातु and the  उपपद विभक्ति in the sentences. अभित: सूर्यम् अभितः ग्रहाः भ्रमन्ति। परितः देवालयं परितः भक्ताः सन्ति। उभयतः मार्गम् उभयतः वृक्षाः वर्तन्ते। प्रति बालकः जननीं प्रति धावति। विना जलं/ जलेन/ जलात् विना जीवनम् अशक्यम्। याच् याचकः नृपं धनं याचते । गम्-गच्छ अहं शालां गच्छामि । सह/ साकम्/ सार्धम्/ समम् रामेण सह/ साकं/ सार्धं/ समं सीता वनं गच्छति। अलम् अलं परिश्रमेण । नमः श्रीगणेशाय नमः । स्पृह् शुकः दाडिमाय स्पृहयति । कथ् छात्रः शिक्षकाय वृत्तान्तं कथयति । प्रति+श्रु यमः नचिकेतसे वरत्रयं प्रतिश्रुणोति । कुप्/ क्रुध् जनकः मह्यं कदापि न कुप्यति/ क्रुध्यति । रुच् गणेशाय मोदकाः रोचन्ते । वि+रम् उद्योगी मनुष्यः स्वकार्यात् न विरमति । रक्ष् रामः असुरात् रक्षति । बहिः नगराद् बहिः आश्रमः वर्तते। ऋते धनात् ऋते जीवनं कठिनम्। कृते देशस्य कृते सैनिकाः स्वप्राणान् त्यजन्ति। समीपे शालायाः समीप

आवृत्तिवाचकः। ✔️ In an  आवृत्तिवाचक  word, a numerical is used to indicate the  frequency  or the  number of times  a certain action is performed. ✔️ The  आवृत्तिवाचक  word   is used as an  अव्यय . ✔️ The question  कति वारम् ?  can be used to obtain the  आवृत्तिवाचक  word as the answer. सकृत् एकवारम् द्विः द्विवारम् त्रिः त्रिवारम् चतुः चतुर्वारम् पञ्च कृत्वः पञ्च वारम् षट्कृत्वः षट्वारम् सप्तकृत्वः सप्तवारम् अष्टकृत्वः अष्टवारम् नवकृत्वः नववारम् दशकृत्वः दशवारम् आवृत्तिवाचकेन वाक्यं पूरयत। 1) छात्रः दिनस्य ________(२) अध्ययनं करोति। 2) माता ______(३) मम युतकं प्रक्षालितवती। 3) तेन ______(३) प्रयोगः कृतः। 4) सप्ताहस्य ______(४) संस्कृतवर्गः भवति। 5) दिनस्य ______(९) लोकयानम् आगच्छति। 6) अस्माकं कुटुम्बं संवत्सरस्य ______(१) पर्यटनार्थं गच्छति। 7) अहम् एकं पाठं _______(२) सम्यक् पठामि। 8) वर्षस्य _______(४) परीक्षा भवति। 9) दिनस्य ______(२) अहं दुग्धं पिबामि। 10) ॐ शान्तिः शान्तिः शान्तिः इति _____(३) उच्चार्य सर्व

Note: You can use as a reference for writing the first introductory paragraph in the माध्यमभाषया लिखत । Lesson 1 :  आद्यकृषकः पृथुवैन्यः। The story of आद्यकृषकः पृथुवैन्यः from Rigveda describes King Pruthu’s transformation from a Kshatriya to a farmer for the sake of his subjects. King Pruthu was an ideal King who invented, initiated and developed agriculture. Hence, it is believed that the Earth is named पृथ्वी in the memory of King Pruthu’s work. Lesson 2 :  व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा। The lesson व्यसने मित्रपरीक्षा from the मित्रलाभः section from Hitopadesh, a compilation of didactic stories by Narayan Pandit sheds light on the fact that the test of a true friend is done in the times of calamity. Lesson 4 :  अमूल्यं कमलम्  ।  The story अमूल्यं कमलम् is based on an event in the life of Gautam Buddha, in which we see the profound impact of Sugat (Lord Gautam Buddha) on the attitude of a gardener named Sudas, who came with the intent of material gain. Lesson 5 :  स एव परमाणुः।

1) Just as gold is examined by four ways- rubbing, cutting, heating and pounding/ beating, similarly, man is examined by four ways- knowledge, character, virtues and deeds. 2) Where there is no scholar, there even a person with low intellect is worthy of praise; just as in a region with no trees, even a castor plant is considered to be a tree. 3) When I knew little, I became like an elephant, who is blinded by rut; then i felt that ‘I know everything’. (But) when I understood a little from the company of the wise, the knowing that I am a fool, my pride disappeared like fear. 4) As long as fear has not arrived (one is not caught in calamity), till then one should be scared of fear. But, having seen fear approaching, a man should do what is right. 5) An excellent person does not talk much (does not indulge in loose talk). An inferior person talks a lot (unnecessarily), just as bronze produces noise and gold does not. 6) The farmer having reached the field, obtains

वाचनप्रशंसा। शीलं सद्गुणसम्पत्तिः ज्ञानं विज्ञानमेव च । उत्साहो वर्धते येन वाचनं तद् हितावहम्॥  That reading is beneficial, which enhances a man’s character, treasure in the form of virtues, knowledge, conscience and enthusiasm(towards learning). मनुजा वाचनेनैव बोधन्ते विषयान् बहन ।  दक्षा भवन्ति कार्येषु वाचनेन बहुश्रुताः॥ People understand several subjects merely by reading, become alert in work and become well read(learned) by reading. वाल्मीकिव्यासबाणाद्याः प्राचीनाः कविपण्डिताः। तान् शिक्षयन्ति सततं ये सदा वाचने रताः॥ Ancient poets and scholars like Valmiki, Vyas, Bana, etc. teach those who are always engrossed in reading. अद्ययावद्धि ज्ञानाय वृत्तपत्रं पठेत्सदा सर्वविधसुविद्यार्थं वाचनमुपकारकम् ॥ Indeed, a man should always read the newspaper for proper updated knowledge. Reading is beneficial for proper knowledge of all types. वृथाभ्रमणकुक्रीडापरपीडापभाषणैः। कालक्षेपो न कर्तव्यो विद्यार्थी वाचनं श्रयेत् ॥ Students should not waste

विद्या नाम नरस्य रूपमधिकं प्रच्छन्नगुप्तं धनम् विद्या भोगकरी यशः सुखकरी विद्या गुरूणां गुरुः । विद्या बन्धुजनो विदेशगमने विद्या परं दैवतम् विद्या राजसु पूज्यते न हि धनं विद्याविहीनः पशुः ॥  Knowledge is man’s best beauty, secret hidden wealth; knowledge allows enjoyment and gives success and comfort. Knowledge is the preceptor of preceptors. Knowledge is a relative while going to a foreign place. Knowledge is the ultimate deity. Knowledge, not wealth is worshipped by Kings. (Indeed) a person devoid of knowledge is a beast (animal). निन्दन्तु नीतिनिपुणा यदि वा स्तुवन्तु लक्ष्मीः स्थिरा भवतु गच्छतु वा यथेष्टम्। अद्यैव वा मरणमस्तु युगान्तरे वा न्याय्यात्पथः प्रविचलन्ति पदं न धीराः॥ The expert in ethics may criticise or praise, prosperity may stay or go away as per as will, death may be today itself or in another age; yet the courageous ones do not waver even a step from the righteous path.  आत्मनो मुखदोषेण बध्यन्ते शुकसारिकाः । बकास्तत्र न बध्यन्ते मौनं सर्वार्

Radanika: Come child! Let’s play with the cart. Child: (sadly) O Radanika! What do I do with this clay cart? Give me that gold cart only. Radanika: (sighing dejectedly) O child! From where can we deal with gold now? You will play with a gold cart when your father will become prosperous again. (To herself) Till then, I shall entertain him. I will approach Vasantsena. (Approaching) O noble lady! I salute you! Vasantsena: O Radanika! Welcome! Well, whose son is this? Even though his body is unadorned with ornaments, yet his moon-like (beautiful) face delights my heart. Radanika: This indeed is noble Charudatta’s son, named Rohasena. Vasantsena: (spreading her arms) Come, my child! (Indeed) he has his father’s looks. But for what purpose is he crying? Radanika: He was playing with the golden cart of his neighbours’ child. Later, it was taken away by him (by the neighbour’s child) Then he (Rohasena) wanted it (golden cart) again. So, I made this clay cart and gave i

(Then enters Indra in the disguise of a beggar) Indra: (Having approached Karna) O Karna! I seek greater alms. Karna: O respected one! I am extremely pleased. I, Karna bow down to you. Indra: (To himself) Indeed, what should I say? If I shall say, ’May you be long living’, then he will be the long living one. If I shall not say so, then he will disregard me as a fool. Therefore, avoiding both, indeed, what shall I say? Let it be. Decided. (Aloud) O Karna! May you fame/ glory stand like the Sun, Moon, Himalayas and the ocean. Karna: O respected one! Why did you not say, ‘Be long living’? Or else, whatever you have said that too is fine, because though the bodies perish, virtues remain. O respected one! What do you wish for? What shall I give? Indra: I seek larger alms. Karna: I shall give greater alms, respected one. I shall give a thousand cows. Indra: A thousand cows? I rarely drink milk. I don’t want it, Karna, I don’t want it. Karna: What? You don’t